日本百合引种及其栽培试验初报

对引进的41个日本百合品种进行了组培保种,获得了3010瓶试管苗。从部分百合品种种球的大棚种植表现出的生长开花结果看,所引品种均可在本地发展。其中S1、S2、S3、S5、S17是很好的切花品种;S13、S23可作百合品种育种的适宜材料;S39、S40更适合作盆栽观赏。     

百合鳞茎苯丙氨酸解氨酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

经40 %～75 %硫酸铵分级沉淀和DEAE-Sepharose离子交换层析,从兰州百合（Lilium davidii var. unicolor）鳞茎中分离纯化苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）,纯化倍数为13.19,酶回收率4.68%。纯化的PAL经 SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）检测为单一蛋白带,其亚基分子量约58.7 kD。酶学性质研究表明：百合鳞茎的PAL不耐碱,更不耐酸;随着水浴时间延长和水浴温度提高,PAL活性逐渐降低,但40 ℃水浴30 min后酶活性仍保留47%;以L-苯丙氨酸为底物,40 ℃下的Km值为4.1×10^-3 mol·L^-1;金属离子Mn²⁺、Fe²⁺、Cu²⁺、Fe³⁺促进PAL活性,1.0、1.0、2.0和1.0 mmol·L^-1分别为在供试范围内的最佳处理浓度,Ag⁺、Co²⁺、Ca²⁺抑制其活性,其中Ag+的抑制作用最强。     

摘顶对兰州百合光合物质分配和鳞茎品质的影响

在大田栽培条件下,研究了不同摘顶时间对兰州百合植株的生长特性、鳞茎产量和品质的影响.结果表明,摘顶有利于提高百合植株的百合茎粗、叶面积、干物质总产量、鳞茎产量和商品品质;与不摘顶处理相比,现蕾初期摘顶处理的百合茎粗、叶面积、鳞茎总产量、大鳞茎鲜重和鳞茎淀粉含量分别较对照提高了20.94%、38.31%、24.52%1、4.23%和28.57%,因此现蕾初期是百合理想的摘顶日期.     

百合的组织培养及快繁技术

 将一些百合的组织培养文献结合我们的实际工作经验加以综述,以使百合组织培养快繁技术迅速得以推广,从而解决百合种苗退化、带病毒多的现象,提高其繁殖系数。     

香料烟陈化过程中烟叶香气成分释放与消长规律研究

对香料烟陈化过程中香气物质成分释放与消长规律进行了研究,结果表明：香料烟陈化过程中大多数香气成分含量均呈大幅度上升趋势,表现在赖百当类化合物和西柏烷类化合物在陈化的前中期明显增加,后期趋于下降;类胡萝卜素含量在陈化过程中略有增加,但高峰值出现并不十分明显;苯丙氨酸衍生物含量在湖北、新疆香料烟中呈现双峰变化趋势,在云南香料烟中呈现单峰变化趋势,其总含量在陈化中表现前期上升,后期略有下降;新植二烯含量在陈化过程中总体上处于直线下降的态势。在所测定的29种香气物质中,对香料烟特征香气有重要影响的香味物质如降龙涎香内酯、硬尾内酯2种异构体、硬尾醛、8,15－赖百当醇、2种8,13外氧赖百当－14－烯－13醇异构体和2种8,13外氧赖百当－14－烯－13－酮异构体,二氢猕猴桃内酯、茄酮和降茄二酮等成分在陈化过程中有明显的增加,总的香气物质含量变化的高峰期出现在陈化18~21个月。     

百合鳞片扦插繁殖技术研究综述

综述了东方百合鳞片扦插繁殖的技术和方法,并结合工作实践,提出了提高扦插繁殖效率的五个技术环节,包括选择优质百合鳞片及部位、使用适宜基质、适当激素处理、重视扦插方法和加强管理。     

Identification of lily cultivars using isoelectric focusing of proteins from bulb scales and tissue culture bulblets

An efficient procedure is described for cultivar identification in lily, based on polymorphism in bulb scale proteins analysed by isoelectric focusing (IEF). Seventy (84%) out of 83 cultivars from which in vivo bulbs were analysed showed a unique banding pattern. Analysis of in vitro bulblets from 62 commercial cultivars resulted in 47 (76%) unique banding patterns. Cultivars with identical protein patterns always belonged to the same cultivars classification group (i.e., Asiatic hybrids, Oriental hybrids or Lilium longiflorum). Protein bands characteristic for the cultivar groups have been found. The protein patterns appeared to be very consistent and were not affected by the soil-type on which the bulbs were grown, long-term bulb storage, different protein sample storage methods, in vitro growing conditions, or in vitro bulblet storage. However, in six out of 10 cultivars from which in vivo bulbs and in vitro bulblets were analysed, protein patterns from in vivo bulbs consisted of a greater number of, and/or more intensely stained bands than those from in vitro bulblets of the same cultivar. The protein patterns appeared to be unsuitable markers for selection of reference cultivars for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) testing as no relation was found between morphological characters and protein patterns. Cultivars with identical or very similar protein patterns were generally clearly distinct on the basis of morphological characters.     

条叶百合×王百合种间杂种的育成

为培育新的百合品种,利用抗性强的野生条叶百合（Ｌｉｌｉｕｍｃａｌｏｓｕｍ）为母本及花筒状、白色的王百合（Ｌｒｅｇａｌｅ）为父本,进行种间杂交。常规授粉的结果,座果率２６％,得到有胚种子占８％;杂种种子在重量、大小及发芽率上均小于亲本,发芽势介于亲本之间;杂种种子为子叶出土萌发类型,与亲本一致。利用种子根尖为材料,所观察到的染色体形态表明,杂种染色体基本具有双亲染色体的特征,说明杂种真实可靠。条叶百合与王百合虽然形态差异大,分类学上分属不同的两个组,但它们之间有一定生殖亲和力,杂种幼苗根系发达,生命力较强。     

Genetic analysis of postharvest flower longevity in Asiatic hybrid lilies

To investigate the genetic regulation of postharvest flower longevity in Asiatic hybrid lilies (Lilium L.), 10 cultivars and 45 progenies were forced, harvested and evaluated under standardised conditions in growth chambers. Analysis of variance for individual flower longevity indicated highly significant (p < 0.001) variation among parents, among progenies and among descendants within progenies. High broad-sense heritability (0.79) calculated at the individual plant level indicated that selection for long individual flower longevity can be expected to be very effective. General combining ability (GCA) effects were highly significant ( p < 0.001), and the estimated narrow-sense heritability was high (0.74). Therefore, individual flower longevity of a genotype can be used as an indication for its breeding value. Although deviating results can be expected as specific combining ability (SCA) effects were also significant ( p = 0.046). Small, but significant correlations between individual flower longevity and other plant characters were found. The impact of these correlations on the selection efficiency for improved postharvest performance of lily inflorescences is discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

百合试管结鳞茎的研究

在试管内诱导百合形成大量小鳞茎,并探讨了影响百合试管结鳞茎的一些因素。结果表明：蔗糖是主要因子,当其浓度过低（3％）时,没有小鳞茎形成;浓度较高时,均能形成小鳞茎,鳞茎较粗,10％蔗糖效果最好。多效唑对百合根、叶有明显抑制作用,对鳞茎的形成起促进作用,以10mg.L-1时结鳞茎率最高,效果最佳;芽和叶片基部结鳞茎的效果差异较大,叶片基部结鳞茎率高,但所形成的小鳞茎比芽来源的小鳞茎略小。